Alison has an idea for improving the efficiency of her work area. When she approached her supervisor, she was asked to shepherd the idea through the approval, implementation, and evaluations processes. Alison has become a ________.

• supervisor

• change agent

• group leader

• job coach

Organisations need change because ________.

• the future is unpredictable

• the environment is stable

• external and internal factors create the forces for change

• employees get bored with the status quo

The technology change in the manufacturing process of New Ideas, Inc.'s products to make the process more efficient is the result of a competitor lowering its price. Therefore, it was a(n) ________ force of change.

• external

• internal

• marketplace

• economic

First he was all about innovation. Next it was efficiency. Now Snyder's strategy is customer responsiveness. These changes in strategy are indicative of ________ force of change.

• internal

• marketplace

• economic

• external

The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are ________.

• smooth water and troubled water

• calm waters and white-water rapids

• shallow water and falling water

• burning bridge and water over the dam

In the ________ metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process.

• calm waters

• white-water rapids

• smooth water

• water over the dam

Lewin's three-step process is consistent with the ________ theory of organisational change.

• white-water rapids

• shallow waters

• smooth waters

• calm waters

The unfreezing step of the change process can be thought of as ________.

• changing to a new state

• sustaining a change over time

• changing the organisational structure

• preparing for the needed change

A company that decides to decentralise its sales procedures is managing ________ changes.

• technological

• people

• strategy

• structural

Technological changes usually involve the introduction of new equipment, ________.

• tools, or operating methods

• tools or people

• operating methods, or structure

• people, or structure