Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Quiz

What percentage of body mass is fluid in lean adults?

• 30-35%

• 40-45%

• 55-60%

• 65-70%

Which fluid compartment makes up about two-thirds of total body water?

• Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

• Interstitial Fluid

• Plasma

• Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

What triggers the thirst response in the body?

• Increased blood pressure

• Decreased osmolarity

• Dry mouth and decreased blood pressure

• Increased blood volume

Which hormone increases kidney water reabsorption by making nephron collecting ducts more permeable?

• Aldosterone

• Insulin

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

• Cortisol

What is the most abundant intracellular cation essential for resting membrane potential?

• Sodium (Na⁺)

• Calcium (Ca²⁺)

• Potassium (K⁺)

• Chloride (Cl⁻)

What is the normal blood pH level critical for cellular function and protein structure?

• 6.8

• 7.4

• 8.0

• 7.0

Which mechanism temporarily binds to H⁺ to increase pH?

• Exhalation of CO₂

• Kidney Excretion of H⁺

• Buffer Systems

• Respiratory Rate

What is a characteristic of respiratory acidosis?

• Low CO₂ from hyperventilation

• High CO₂ from hypoventilation

• High bicarbonate from vomiting

• Low bicarbonate from diarrhea

Which condition is associated with low pH and excess H⁺?

• Alkalosis

• Acidosis

• Neutral pH

• Basic pH

How do kidneys respond in respiratory alkalosis?

• Increase H⁺ excretion

• Decrease H⁺ excretion

• Increase CO₂ retention

• Decrease CO₂ retention