Space atmosphere

What is the primary constituent of the solar wind?

• Helium nuclei

• High-energy plasma

• Protons

• Alpha particles

What causes auroras in Earth's polar regions?

• Interaction with the ozone layer

• Charged particles colliding with atmospheric gases

• Variations in Earth’s gravitational field

• Refraction of sunlight

Which region of the Earth’s atmosphere is closest to space?

• Thermosphere

• Exosphere

• Mesosphere

• Stratosphere

What is the main risk of vacuum exposure to spacecraft materials?

• Rapid cooling

• Outgassing

• Increased density

• Enhanced thermal conductivity

Which phenomenon primarily drives space weather effects?

• Lunar gravitational pull

• Cosmic ray interactions

• Solar wind activity

• Geomagnetic variations

What type of radiation can penetrate spacecraft shielding most effectively?

• Beta particles

• High-energy protons

• Ultraviolet rays

• Alpha particles

What is a single-event upset (SEU) in satellite operations?

• Loss of communication from eclipses

• Radiation-induced bit-flip in electronic circuits

• Satellite overheating due to solar activity

• Structural vibration due to launch stresses

In which region are satellites most affected by the Van Allen belts?

• Lunar Orbit

• Low Earth Orbit

• Medium Earth Orbit

• Polar Orbit

What protects Earth’s surface from cosmic radiation?

• Geothermal energy

• Atmospheric convection

• Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere

• Oceanic albedo

Which solar event causes the most significant disruption to satellite communication?

• Heliospheric waves

• Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

• Solar granulation

• Sunspot cycles