What political change was brought about by the fighting of the Hundred Years War?

• Peasants gained privileges by serving in new national armies.
• Powerful monarchies consolidated power as nation-states emerged.
• Knights built large independent armies to overthrow corrupt monarchies.
• Religious leaders emerged as powerful local leaders in France and England.

Why did the Crusades contribute to the end of the medieval era in Europe?

• Trade was revived leading to the decline of the manorial economy.
• Islamic fighters defeated Christian knights and took control of Europe.
• Christians split between Western Roman Catholicism and Eastern Greek Orthodoxy.
• European knights were given Church lands in exchange for ¬ghting in the Holy Lands.

In what way did the spread of the Black Death change the manorial system in Europe?

• The death of many knights led to an end of feudal warfare.
• Fear of the disease led many to stop attending Church services.
• Monarchs were blamed for spreading the disease and attacked.
• Population loss allowed peasants to leave the manor to seek jobs.

Which set of accomplishments occurred during the Song dynasty of China?

• Magnetic compass, Paper money, Movable-type printing
• Tea cultivation, Algebra, Geometric mosaics

One impact on Asia of the Tang dynasty reunifying China was —

• the collapse of Mongol rule in East Asia
• the spread of Buddhism to Japan and Korea
• the closing of the Silk Road to European traders
• the diffusion of Mandarin to Korea and Vietnam

How did the revival of Confucian teachings by Tang leaders in China affect women?

• Women served as prominent scholars in Chinese universities.
• Women gained new opportunities by passing the civil service exams.
• Women lost social status evidenced by the practice of foot binding.
• Women gained respect as teachers for the civil service examinations.

The spread of Islam brought political changes to Southwest Asia by —

• establishing tribute states in the areas conquered by the Muslim armies
• building libraries, hospitals and universities in large cities such as Alexandria
• converting Arabs, Christians, Persians, and Jews to Islam to avoid paying taxes
• unifying North Africa, Arabia, Persia and Asia Minor under a centralized authority

How were the advances of the Muslim world preserved for future generations?

• Scribes and monks recorded and saved multiple copies of the information.
• Christian scholars traveled to Islamic universities to study the information.
• Libraries and institutions such as the House of Wisdom stored information.
• Nomadic Arab tribes carried the information with them on various conquests.

In the fifteenth century, the Ming dynasty excelled at —

• mining
• weaponry
• shipbuilding
• clock making

One result of Mongol expansion across Eurasia during the Middle Ages was —

• a revival of art and literature
• . a birth of new religious in­uences
• a chaotic, unstable political climate
• a vast, unified empire of many cultures