Epidemiology Study Designs

What is the primary purpose of a cohort study?

• To conduct a randomized controlled trial of a new treatment.

• To analyze the genetic makeup of a population.

• To observe the effects of exposures on outcomes over time.

• To determine the prevalence of a disease at a specific point in time.

Which study design is best for establishing causality?

• Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

• Case-control study

• Cohort study

• Cross-sectional study

In a case-control study, what is the primary comparison made?

• The comparison between different diseases.

• The comparison between cases and controls.

• The comparison of demographic data.

• The comparison of treatment effectiveness.

What type of study design involves random assignment of participants?

• Case-Control Study

• Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

• Cohort Study

• Cross-Sectional Study

What is a cross-sectional study primarily used for?

• To assess the prevalence of a condition or characteristic in a population at a specific point in time.

• To determine the cause of a disease over time.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment in a clinical trial.

• To track changes in a population's health over several years.

Which study design is most appropriate for rare diseases?

• Cohort study

• Randomized controlled trial

• Case-control study

• Cross-sectional study

What is the main advantage of a randomized controlled trial?

• Eliminates all forms of variability.

• Provides definitive proof of a hypothesis.

• Minimizes bias and establishes causality.

• Is less expensive than observational studies.

In which study design are participants followed over time?

• Randomized controlled trial

• Cohort study

• Case-control study

• Cross-sectional study

What is the key characteristic of a longitudinal study?

• Single observation at one point in time

• Repeated observations over time

• Focus on qualitative data only

• Random sampling of participants

What type of bias is most commonly associated with retrospective studies?

• Survivorship bias

• Confirmation bias

• Recall bias

• Selection bias