Foundations of Science Midterm

In an experiment, which variable is directly affected by changes to the independent variable?

• Control

• Constants

• Average

• Dependent

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

When designing an experiment, why is a control group important?

• It provides a comparison to evaluate the effect of the independent variable.

• It increases the sample size of the experiment.

• It ensures that the dependent variable is not influenced by external factors.

• It allows for the manipulation of the independent variable.

In an experiment, what does the independent variable represent?

• The variable that is measured by the researcher

• The variable that remains constant throughout the experiment

• The variable that is manipulated by the researcher

• The variable that serves as a control

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe is approximately how old?

• 2,024 years old

• 4.6 billion years old

• 13.8 billion years old

• We still haven’t determined the age of the universe.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Evidence from the Big Bang Theory suggests which elements are the most abundant in the universe? (select all that apply)

• Hydrogen

• Helium

• Neon

• Oxygen

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Which question can a particle accelerator, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), help us answer?

• What is the age of the universe?

• What is the chemical composition of the stars?

• How much remnant heat is left over from the Big Bang?

• How did particles behave at the time of the Big Bang?

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

What evidence does the Doppler effect provide to support the Big Bang Theory?

• The blue shift of light from nearby stars shows the universe is contracting, opposing the Big Bang Theory.
• The constant brightness of supernovae suggests a static universe, contradicting the Big Bang Theory.
• The gravitational waves detected from black holes indicate a stable universe, not supporting the Big Bang Theory.
• The redshift of light from distant galaxies indicates the universe is expanding, supporting the Big Bang Theory.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Why is the Big Bang Theory considered a scientific theory rather than a scientific law? Be specific and include supportive evidence.

• The Big Bang Theory is a scientific theory as it provides a formula for calculating the age of the universe

• The Big Bang Theory is a scientific theory because it explains HOW the universe originated based on evidence and is subject to testing, unlike scientific laws that describe WHAT universal phenomena occur.

• The Big Bang Theory is a scientific theory because it defines the speed of light in a vacuum using the Doppler Effect.

• The Big Bang Theory is a scientific theory because it explains the universe's origin based on evidence, is subject to testing, and is proven to be correct.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Which mechanism, developed by Harry Hess, states that when two tectonic plates slowly separate, molten material rises up from within the mantle to fill the opening?

• Mantle convection

• Seafloor spreading

• Continental drift

• Magnetic reversals

Which of the following is NOT evidence of continental drift gathered from studies of paleomagnetism?

• When viewing the magnetic profile of the Mid Atlantic Ridge, parallel magnetic stripes were interpreted as products of steady creation of new ocean crust over geologic time.

• Magnetic pole positions indicated by rocks of known age are not constant, suggesting that magnetic reversals had occurred.

• If magnetic north remained in an essentially similar position over Earth history (despite the periodic polarity changes), then the different magnetic orientations meant that the continents had moved (polar wandering).

• Due to the thickness of the ocean floor sediment and echo sounding of seafloor features, the age of the ocean was determined to be very old.