AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 6.3*: Transcription & RNA Processing

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What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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What is the role of mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is the function of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis and has an anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon.

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What is rRNA?

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rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes and helps facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

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What is the significance of the 5' cap on mRNA?

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The 5' cap protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding during translation.

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What is the poly A tail?

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The poly A tail is a sequence of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of mRNA, which helps stabilize the mRNA and prevent degradation.

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What is the function of RNA polymerase?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

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What are introns and exons?

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Introns are non-coding regions of RNA that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding regions that remain and are expressed.

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What is splicing in RNA processing?

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Splicing is the process of removing introns and joining exons together to form a mature mRNA molecule.

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What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

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The promoter is a DNA sequence that signals the start of transcription and where RNA polymerase binds to initiate RNA synthesis.