Who led the Mongols in their conquests during the 13th century?

• Salah al-Din

• Genghis Khan

• Kublai Khan

• Timur

Who led the resistance against the Mongols in the mid-1200s?

• The Seljuk Turks

• The Mamluks

• The Byzantines

• The Ottomans

Which region did the Mongols fail to conquer due to resistance?

• Anatolia

• Central Asia

• Western Europe

• Farther west, including Egypt

What significant change occurred in the Mongol Empire toward the end of the 1200s?

• Conversion to Christianity

• Conversion to Islam

• Adoption of Buddhism

• Return to traditional Mongol beliefs

Which group did the Mongols defeat in Anatolia?

• Byzantines

• Seljuk Turks

• Ottomans

• Abbasids

What did the Mongols do to the cities they had destroyed?

• Left them in ruins

• Rebuilt them

• Abandoned them

• Used them as military bases

Which empire did the Ottomans destroy in the 1500s?

• Mamluk Empire

• Byzantine Empire

• Safavid Empire

• Mongol Empire

Who was known to Europeans as Tamerlane?

• Timur

• Osman I

• Genghis Khan

• Suleiman

When did the Ottoman Empire officially end?

• 1922

• 1700

• 1453

• 1501

Which city was renamed Istanbul by the Ottomans?

• Constantinople

• Baghdad

• Tehran

• Cairo