🧪Geosphere Unit Test

What is the primary mechanism driving the movement of tectonic plates on Earth's surface?

• A. Ocean currents
• Gravitational pull from the Moon
• C. Mantle convection
• D. Wind patterns

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What causes the convection currents in the Earth's mantle?

• A. Differences in temperature and density
• B. Earth's rotation
• C. Magnetic field interactions
• D. Solar radiation

Which process is represented by this diagram?

• A. Rotation
• B. Conduction
• C. Radiation
• D. Convection

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

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Which process is the most significant contributor to the generation of internal heat within the Earth, and how does it affect mantle convection?

• A. Gravitational compression during Earth's formation; it creates convection currents by increasing pressure in the mantle.
• B. Frictional heating from tectonic plate movement; it directly powers mantle convection by increasing the temperature at plate boundaries.
• C. Radioactive decay of unstable isotopes such as uranium-238, thorium-232, and potassium-40; it generates heat that drives mantle convection and influences plate tectonics.
• D. Heat from the Earth's core resulting from residual formation energy; it directly heats the mantle, leading to convection currents without the need for radioactive decay.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

Which statement accurately describes the differences in density and temperature between Earth's layers, and how these differences affect geological processes?

• A. The crust has the highest density and lowest temperature, leading to the formation of mountains through isostatic adjustment.
• B. The mantle has a uniform density and temperature throughout, resulting in consistent rates of plate movement and volcanic activity.
• C. The outer core is less dense than the mantle but hotter, driving the Earth's magnetic field through the movement of molten iron.
• D. The inner core is the most dense and hottest layer, creating convection currents in the mantle that drive plate tectonics.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

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When plate tectonics move, they can form different landforms. Which is LEAST likely to be associated with tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?

• A. Hot spot
• B. Rift valley
• C. Subduction zone
• D. Transform boundary

What is the primary difference between P-waves and S-waves?

• A. P-waves travel only through liquids, while S-waves travel only through solids.
• B. P-waves are slower than S-waves and can move through both solids and liquids, while S-waves are faster and only travel through solids.
• C. P-waves travel faster than S-waves and can move through both solids and liquids, while S-waves are slower and only travel through solids.
• D. P-waves and S-waves travel at the same speed but through different materials.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

How does a seismograph help triangulate the location of an earthquake?

• A. By measuring the intensity of seismic waves at different depths within the Earth.
• B. By detecting changes in magnetic fields caused by seismic activity.
• C. By recording the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves at different seismograph stations.
• D. By analyzing the chemical composition of rocks near the earthquake epicenter.

Where are most volcanoes located?

• A. At divergent boundaries, transform boundaries and hot spots
• B. At convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries and hot spots
• C. At convergent boundaries, hot spots and transform boundaries
• D. At divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries and transform boundaries

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

At which type of plate boundary would you most likely find a deep-sea trench?

• A. Convergent boundary (oceanic-oceanic)
• B. Convergent boundary (oceanic-continental)
• C. Divergent boundary
• D. Transform boundary