LPP Topic 1

According to Ricento, what is the most useful way to approach the history of LP research?

• Through chronological analysis

• Through consideration of domains that attracted attention

• Through statistical analysis

• Through individual case studies

Answer explanation

The text explicitly states that Ricento argues the most useful way to approach LP research history is through consideration of domains that have attracted attention, as this helps understand how findings influenced critical reflection on research goals and methods.

The Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS) was developed by:

• Cooper

• Fishman

• Haugen

• Hornberger

Answer explanation

The text directly attributes the GIDS to Fishman (1991), describing it as a scale that measures the relative strength of regional or minority languages competing with more dominant languages.

Which of these is NOT one of the main types of language planning?

• Status planning

• Corpus planning

• Acquisition planning

• Motivation planning

Answer explanation

The text identifies only three main types of language planning: status planning, corpus planning, and acquisition planning. Motivation planning is not mentioned as a type of language planning.

In language policy research, what does GIDS primarily measure?

• Language proficiency levels

• Relative strength of competing languages

• Educational achievement

• Economic value of languages

Answer explanation

According to the text, GIDS measures "the relative strength of a regional or minority language in competition with another more dominant language, or languages, for survival."

The term "language planning" was first used in scholarly literature by:

• Cooper

• Fishman

• Haugen

• Ricento

Answer explanation

The text attributes the first scholarly use of "language planning" to Haugen's study of language standardization in Norway.

Which period marked a significant shift toward critical approaches in LP research?

• 1950s

• 1960s

• Late 1970s

• 1990s

Answer explanation

The text indicates that beginning in the late 1970s and continuing through the 1990s, scholars influenced by critical and postmodern theories began questioning early assumptions in LP research.

The concept of "diglossia" was criticized by some scholars as:

• Too simplistic

• Too complex

• An ideological naturalization of sociolinguistic arrangements

• Irrelevant to language planning

Answer explanation

The text explicitly states that the construct of diglossia was criticized as "an ideological naturalization of sociolinguistic arrangements."

According to the text, language policy and planning is primarily situated in:

• Pure linguistics

• Social sciences and humanities

• Natural sciences

• Computer sciences

Answer explanation

The text clearly positions LP as a field within the social sciences and humanities in its opening paragraphs.

What is described as a "fall-back" position in language planning?

• Monolingualism

• Bilingualism

• Stable diglossia

• Code-switching

Answer explanation

The text refers to stable diglossia as a "fall-back, compromise position" in language planning contexts.

The advent of computers and internet has had what effect on language:

• Completely standardized language use

• Led to language intermixing and new words

• Eliminated minority languages

• Prevented language change

Answer explanation

The text discusses how computers and the internet have led to the intermixing of languages and creation of new words and acronyms.