Cellular Energetics Review

Front

What are the products of the light reaction directly needed by the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Back

ATP and NADPH are the products of the light reaction that are directly used in the Calvin cycle for synthesizing glucose.

Front

Enzymes ___________________ activation energy to speed up chemical reactions.

Back

Enzymes decrease activation energy, allowing chemical reactions to occur more quickly.

Front

The light dependent reactions make the following products:

Back

The light dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the Calvin cycle.

Front

An enzyme's shape determines its __________.

Back

An enzyme's shape determines its function, as it must fit the substrate to catalyze a reaction.

Front

What powers the ATP synthase enzymes in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Back

The diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane powers ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP.

Front

Define photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

Front

What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Back

NADPH serves as a reducing agent, providing the electrons needed for the reduction of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.

Front

What is the significance of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Back

The electron transport chain is crucial for producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation by transferring electrons and pumping protons across the membrane.

Front

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Back

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.

Front

What is the function of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP acts as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.