Final Exam: Computer Science Principles

What is the time complexity of the binary search algorithm in the worst-case scenario?

Answer explanation

The binary search algorithm divides the search space in half with each step, leading to a logarithmic time complexity. In the worst-case scenario, it takes O(log n) time to find the target or determine its absence.

Which data structure is used to implement a LIFO (Last In, First Out) system?

• Queue

• Stack

• Linked List

• Tree

Answer explanation

A Stack is a data structure that follows the LIFO principle, meaning the last element added is the first one to be removed. This is in contrast to a Queue, which follows FIFO (First In, First Out).

In programming, what is the purpose of a loop?

• To execute a block of code once

• To execute a block of code multiple times

• To define a variable

• To terminate a program

Answer explanation

A loop is designed to execute a block of code multiple times, allowing for repetitive tasks to be performed efficiently. This distinguishes it from executing code just once or defining variables.

Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails?

• HTTP

• FTP

• SMTP

• TCP

Answer explanation

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol used for sending emails across the Internet, making it the correct choice. HTTP is for web traffic, FTP for file transfers, and TCP is a transport layer protocol.

What is the main function of a firewall in cybersecurity?

• To encrypt data

• To block unauthorized access

• To store passwords

• To backup data

Answer explanation

The main function of a firewall in cybersecurity is to block unauthorized access to or from a private network, thereby protecting sensitive data and systems from potential threats.

Which of the following is a principle of data privacy?

• Data minimization

• Data duplication

• Data inflation

• Data obfuscation

Answer explanation

Data minimization is a key principle of data privacy, emphasizing that only the necessary data should be collected and retained. This reduces risks associated with data breaches and enhances user privacy.

What is the impact of computing on employment?

• It only creates jobs

• It only eliminates jobs

• It both creates and eliminates jobs

• It has no impact on jobs

Answer explanation

Computing impacts employment by both creating new job opportunities in tech and related fields, while also automating tasks that can lead to job losses in traditional roles. Thus, it both creates and eliminates jobs.

Which of the following is an example of a high-level programming language?

• Assembly

• Machine Code

• Python

• Binary

Answer explanation

Python is a high-level programming language known for its readability and ease of use. In contrast, Assembly, Machine Code, and Binary are low-level languages that are closer to hardware and less abstract.

What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

• To translate IP addresses into domain names

• To translate domain names into IP addresses

• To store website data

• To secure internet connections

Answer explanation

The primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS) is to translate domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites using easy-to-remember names instead of numerical IP addresses.

Which of the following is a common method for protecting data privacy?

• Data sharing

• Data encryption

• Data deletion

• Data replication

Answer explanation

Data encryption is a common method for protecting data privacy as it transforms data into a secure format that can only be read by authorized users. This ensures that sensitive information remains confidential.