Correlation and Causation

Front

What is correlation?

Back

Correlation is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together. It can be positive, negative, or zero.

Front

What is causation?

Back

Causation indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of another event; it implies a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Front

What does a positive correlation indicate?

Back

A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

Front

What does a negative correlation indicate?

Back

A negative correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

Front

What does no correlation mean?

Back

No correlation means that there is no predictable relationship between the changes in two variables.

Front

What is a scatter plot?

Back

A scatter plot is a graph that shows the relationship between two data sets, with points representing the values of each variable.

Front

What is the range of correlation coefficients?

Back

The range of correlation coefficients is from -1 to +1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, and 0 indicates no correlation.

Front

What is an example of causation?

Back

An example of causation is when it starts raining, and the baseball game is delayed.

Front

What is an example of positive correlation?

Back

An example of positive correlation is the relationship between studying hours and test scores; as study hours increase, test scores tend to increase.

Front

What is an example of negative correlation?

Back

An example of negative correlation is the relationship between the amount of exercise and body weight; as exercise increases, body weight tends to decrease.