Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

• Cells are composed mostly of empty space.

• Cells are generally large enough for the unaided eye to see.

• All cells are produced from existing cells.

• Only animals are made up of cells.

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The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?

• bacteria

• eukaryotes

• prokaryotes

• viruses

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

• Lysosomes build lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

• Lysosomes package lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

• Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

• Lysosomes store lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Which of the following structures are typically present in both plant and animal cells?

• cell walls

• centrioles

• chloroplasts

• mitochondria

All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes?

• Cell membranes are composed of carbohydrate chains, which allow all materials to enter and leave the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of cellulose, which provide rigidity for the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of cytoplasm, which allows proteins to be excreted by the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.

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In eukaryotic cells, a number of organelles allow the cell to produce and distribute proteins. Where are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged?

• Golgi apparatus

• ribosomes

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?

• Water will move across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell because the solution has a higher concentration of solute particles than the cell.

• Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

• Water will move across the cell membrane to the inside of the cell because the cell has a higher concentration of solute particles than the solution.

• There is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

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Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?

• The organs in an organ system work together to perform all the functions a multicellular organism needs to maintain homeostasis.

• The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells.

• The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues.

• The organs in an organ system work together to perform a specific function.

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The illustration shows a model of the transport of solute particles from outside the cell to inside the cell. What type of cell transport is modeled?

• The model illustrates osmosis because water molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• The model illustrates active transport because energy is required to move the solute particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

• The model illustrates facilitated diffusion because protein channels allow solute particles to cross the cell membrane.

• The model illustrates diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Like animals, plants contain a hierarchical organization of interacting systems. Which of the following is an example of an organ in a plant?

• chloroplast

• vascular tissue

• leaf

• seed

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