AP World History Exam Review

Which of the following quotes from Martin Luther's letter most accurately reflects his concern with the current Christian Church?

• “The papacy is not now what it was yesterday and the day before.”

• “The Pope’s authority is divinely given, and we must obey him.”

• “The current state of the Church is as perfect as it was in the early days of Christianity.”

• None of the above.

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Which of the following is not an example of information or an action that further increased the spread of the Protestant Reformation advocated for by Martin Luther in the letter to John Staupitz?

• Catholic Church's sale of "Indulgences"

• Printing press dissemination of Luther's 95 Theses

• Council of Trent's endorsement of indulgences

• None of the above.

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All of the following were ways that the environment of the Indian Ocean facilitated trade except:

• Mid-ocean island settlements provided supplies for ocean voyages.

• The Indian Ocean’s monsoon winds helped merchants navigate efficiently.

• The absence of piracy allowed for safer maritime routes.

• None of the above.

How is the painting and the quote emblematic of the new and most productive military strategies utilized by land-based empires, such as the Ottomans, in the time period 1450-1750 CE?

• New military technology was adopted, such as gunpowder in artillery and other weaponry, in order to subjugate enemies.

• Empires adopted advanced cavalry strategies to defeat their enemies.

• Land-based empires relied primarily on naval forces for expansion.

• None of the above.

How is the Ottoman-Byzantine conflict at Constantinople, depicted in the painting, and the conflict between the Songhai Empire and Morocco representative of conflict between land-based empires from the 15th and 16th century CE?

• Land-based empires that were quick to adopt new military technology often prevailed.

• Conflicts between land-based empires were primarily religious in nature.

• These conflicts were driven by the desire to control maritime trade routes.

• None of the above.

Which of the following developments contributed MOST to the Battle of Chaldiran?

• Territorial expansion of land empires in Afro-Eurasia.

• Religious divisions between Sunni and Shia Islam.

• The technological development of firearms and artillery.

• None of the above.

Which of the following was a direct consequence of the Battle of Chaldiran?

• Consolidation of an expanded Ottoman Empire including Anatolia.

• The formation of a peace treaty between the Ottomans and Safavids.

• The division of the Ottoman Empire into two separate empires.

• None of the above.

In what way were Spanish actions in the Americas similar to those by other European nations in the Indian Ocean?

• They used violence to gain access to economic resources.

• They sought to convert local populations to Catholicism.

• They focused primarily on trade rather than territorial expansion.

• None of the above.

Which of the following trade networks was most directly impacted by the use of indigenous labor?

• Silver

• Silk

• Spices

• None of the above.

What best explains the change in where African slaves were going to within the Spanish Empire by the end of the 16th century?

• The growth of the cash crop economy in the development of sugar.

• The increase in European settlement in North America.

• The expansion of mining operations in the Spanish colonies.

• None of the above.