Midterm Review

All of the following are accomplishments of Justinian, EXCEPT:

• Creating a new law code

• Building the Hagia Sophia

• Defeating the Ottoman Empire

• Expanding the Byzantine Empire

What was the major issue during the Iconoclast Controversy in the Byzantine Empire?

• Many believed Orthodoxy was replacing the focus on Jesus

• People were offended that religious images made holy figures look too human

• The Byzantine economy collapsed after trade with the Ottomans dropped

• The Empire split East and West due to controversy over using the Greek language

Which group comprised the elite corps of the Ottoman Army, and were used to run towns in times of peace?

• Janissaries

• Shahs

• Shogun

• Khans

What impact did Otto the Great have on Germany?

• His armies crushed them in battle

• He broke Germany away from the Catholic Church

• He united Germany and brought the area peace

• He cut them off from France

Who rose to prominence as the de facto ruler of the Frankish Kingdom and was the grandfather of Charlemagne?

• Justinian the Great

• Belisarius

• Charles Martel

• Theodora

What caused the Black Death?

• Fleas

• War

• Famine

• Cold weather

What was the significance of the Battle of Tours (732 AD)?

• It halted Muslim expansion into Western Europe.
• It established the Holy Roman Empire.
• It was a decisive victory for the Muslim forces.
• It marked the beginning of the Crusades.

How did the Black Death impact Europe?

• It resulted in the strengthening of feudalism and reduced wages.
• The Black Death led to a population increase and economic boom.
• The Black Death had no significant impact on European society.
• The Black Death caused labor shortages and social unrest

What areas did towns form in Medieval Europe?

• Towns formed in mountainous regions
• Towns formed in isolated forests
• Towns formed along trade routes and near castles

• Towns formed in desert areas

What replaced barter systems in medieval Europe's economy as feudalism declined and urbanization increased?

• Money-based economy

• Barter with goods
• Trade agreements
• Feudal obligations