What is the primary definition of communication?

• The transfer and understanding of meaning

• The process of writing reports

• The exchange of financial information

• The act of speaking loudly

Which component of the communication process encodes the message?

• Receiver

• Channel

• Sender

• Feedback Loop

What type of communication occurs between peers at the same organizational level?

• Downward

• Upward

• Lateral

• Diagonal

Which of the following is a barrier to effective communication?

• Silence

• Feedback

• Information Exchange

• Emotion Sharing

What is the definition of power in an organizational context?

• The ability to influence others to achieve desired outcomes

• The capacity to manage teams effectively

• The authority to make financial decisions

• The skill of negotiating contracts

Which of the following is a base of personal power?

• Coercive Power

• Reward Power

• Expert Power

• Legitimate Power

What is a common cause of conflict in organizations?

• Clear communication

• Ambiguity in roles or expectations

• Shared goals

• High levels of trust

Which type of negotiation focuses on mutual gains?

• Adversarial

• Competitive

• Integrative

• Distributive

What is the primary focus of diversity management?

• Standardizing employee roles

• Reducing costs

• Recognizing and valuing differences

• Maximizing profits

What does the term 'glass ceiling' refer to?

• A method of communication

• A negotiation tactic

• A barrier to advancement for certain groups

• A type of organizational structure