Science Midterm Study Guide

What is the activation energy (high or low) of a catalyzed reaction, and how does this
affect reaction rate?

• The activation energy of a catalyzed reaction is moderate, which slightly increases the reaction rate.
• Catalysts speed up reactions and need lower activation energy to start

• The activation energy of a catalyzed reaction is low, which has no effect on the reaction rate.
• The activation energy of a catalyzed reaction is high, which decreases the reaction rate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

What is a reactant?

• A substrate changed during chemical reaction

• A reactant is a type of energy released during a reaction.
• A reactant is a catalyst that speeds up reactions.
• A reactant is a product of a chemical reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-7

What is a product in biology?

• A product in biology is a living organism.
• A product in biology refers to a type of cell division.
• Substance made during chemical reaction

• A product in biology is a method of genetic engineering.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

What is a catalyst?

• A catalyst is a substance that slows down a chemical reaction.
• A catalyst is a type of chemical reaction.
• Protein that speeds up reaction by lowering activation energy

• A catalyst is a product of a chemical reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

What is an active site?

• The active site is the part of the enzyme that is permanently altered during a reaction.
• An active site is a location where enzymes are stored before use.
• The active site is the area where enzymes are synthesized.
• Where enzymes form bonds

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

• Cilia are short and move in cells, while flagella are long and move entire cells

• Cilia are used for locomotion, while flagella are used for sensing the environment.
• Cilia and flagella are identical in structure and function.
• Cilia are long and fewer, while flagella are short and numerous.

What organelles are in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and which are unique
to one or the other.

• Chloroplasts and cell wall are common
• Unique to prokaryotes are mitochondria and ribosomes
• Unique to eukaryotes are nucleoid and plasmids
• Ribosomes and plasma membrane are common; unique to prokaryotes are nucleoid and plasmids; unique to eukaryotes are nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the main difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells do not.
• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
• Prokaryotic cells are unicellular while eukaryotic cells are multicellular.

What is an independent variable?

• A variable that is not related to the experiment's outcome.
• A variable that is observed and measured in an experiment.
• A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment.
• An independent variable is a variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What is a dependent variable?

• A dependent variable is the outcome variable that researchers measure to see changes.

• A dependent variable is the initial condition set before the experiment begins.
• A dependent variable is a constant that does not change during an experiment.
• A dependent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3