2.2 Practice

Front

What is a conditional statement?

Back

A conditional statement is a logical statement that has two parts: a hypothesis (if part) and a conclusion (then part). For example, "If it rains, then the ground will be wet."

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What does it mean if a conclusion is 'invalid'?

Back

An invalid conclusion means that the conclusion does not logically follow from the premises or statements provided.

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What is the contrapositive of a conditional statement?

Back

The contrapositive of a conditional statement "If P, then Q" is "If not Q, then not P." It is logically equivalent to the original statement.

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What is a biconditional statement?

Back

A biconditional statement is a statement that combines two conditional statements, stating that both conditions are true or both are false. It is often expressed as "P if and only if Q."

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What is the difference between necessary and sufficient conditions?

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A necessary condition must be true for a statement to be true, while a sufficient condition guarantees that the statement is true.

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What is a logical fallacy?

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A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. Examples include ad hominem, straw man, and slippery slope.

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What does it mean to draw a conclusion?

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To draw a conclusion means to make a judgment or inference based on the information or premises provided.

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What is a hypothesis in a conditional statement?

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The hypothesis is the 'if' part of a conditional statement, representing a condition that must be met for the conclusion to follow.

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What is a conclusion in a conditional statement?

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The conclusion is the 'then' part of a conditional statement, representing the outcome that follows if the hypothesis is true.

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What is an example of a valid conclusion?

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If the statement is 'If it is a dog, then it is an animal,' and you know it is a dog, a valid conclusion is 'It is an animal.'