After a serious accident, Priya's body undergoes various changes. What is the metabolic response to injury primarily aimed at?

• Increasing body fat

• Restoring the body to its pre-injury condition

• Decreasing heart rate

• Enhancing muscle mass

Which phase of the neuroendocrine response is characterized by elevated counter-regulatory hormones?

• Recovery phase

• Chronic phase

• Acute phase

• Catabolic phase

What is a major consequence of the immunologic response to major injury?

• Increased circulatory volume

• Generalized endothelial damage

• Enhanced muscle growth

• Decreased inflammatory cells

What characterizes the catabolic phase after injury?

• Increased insulin levels

• Increased body weight

• Enhanced anabolism

• Decreased basal metabolic rate

What does SIRS stand for?

• Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

• Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome

• Surgical Inflammatory Response Syndrome

• Systematic Immune Response Syndrome

Which of the following is NOT a cause of SIRS?

• Major trauma

• Major surgery

• Major infection

• Minor infection

What is a common feature of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)?

• Stable homeostasis

• Increased organ function

• Progressive dysfunction of two or more organ systems

• Complete recovery without intervention

What is the primary goal of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)?

• To increase surgical stress

• To enhance pain during recovery

• To prevent unnecessary aspects of the surgical stress response

• To prolong hospital stay

Which of the following is a characteristic of the hypermetabolic flow phase?

• Decreased cardiac output

• Increased basal metabolic rate

• Decreased oxygen consumption

• Reduced tissue edema

What is a common complication of prolonged skeletal muscle wasting?

• Improved glycemic control

• Increased mobility

• Hypostatic pneumonia

• Enhanced recovery