Unit 2 Test Review

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between thermal energy and particle movement?

• As thermal energy increases, particle movement does not change.

• As thermal energy increases, there is less particle movement.

• As thermal energy increases, there is more particle movement.

• As thermal energy increases, it is not possible to predict particle movement.

Answer explanation

As thermal energy increases, particles gain energy and move more vigorously. This leads to increased particle movement, making the correct statement: 'As thermal energy increases, there is more particle movement.'

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

In which case would the kinetic energy of particles be increasing? 

• • 
    

    Metal is at room temperature, 37°C.

• Metal is cooled at 1,300°C.

• Metal is melted at 1,300°C.

• Metal is heated from room temperature to 200°C.

Answer explanation

The kinetic energy of particles increases when the temperature rises. Heating metal from room temperature to 200°C raises its thermal energy, thus increasing the kinetic energy of its particles.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Water boils at 100°C and turns into steam. Which similarities or differences are there between water at 100°C and steam at 100°C? 

• The particles will have more space between them as a liquid, but they will be moving faster as steam.

• • 
    

    The particles will have more space between them as steam, but they will be moving at the same speed in both states.

• The particles will have more space between them and will be moving at higher speeds as steam.

• The particles will have more space between them as a liquid, but they will be moving at the same speed in both states.

Answer explanation

At 100°C, steam has particles that are more spread out compared to liquid water, allowing for greater space. However, the average speed of particles in both states is similar due to the same temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which energy transformation takes place when a lamp with a light bulb is plugged into a working wall socket?

• chemical to electrical

• electrical to light

• chemical to light

• electrical to chemical

Answer explanation

When a lamp is plugged in, electrical energy from the wall socket is transformed into light energy by the light bulb. Thus, the correct transformation is electrical to light.

A student wants to collect data during an experiment about the transfer of kinetic energy in a sample of water and ice. Which tool will help her collect the necessary data?

• meter stick

• balance 

• graduated cylinder 

• • 
    

    thermometer 

Answer explanation

The thermometer is essential for measuring temperature changes in water and ice, which is crucial for understanding the transfer of kinetic energy during the experiment.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Use the table to answer the question.

A student records the temperature of several water samples as shown in the table. Other than the temperature, the water samples are the same. Which sample has the lowest kinetic energy? 

• • 
    

    3

• 1

• • 
    

    4

• 2

Answer explanation

The kinetic energy of water molecules is directly related to temperature. Sample 4 has the lowest temperature, indicating it has the lowest kinetic energy among the samples.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

The arrows in the pot represent _____.

• • 
    

    conduction 

• convection

• radiation 

• waves 

Answer explanation

The arrows in the pot represent convection, which is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids. In this context, they illustrate how warmer fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks, demonstrating the convection process.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

A teacher opens a window on a cold day. Which statement explains why the room starts to feel cooler? 

• • 
    

    Air moves from the areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature.

• Cold air is moving into the room from outside.

• The kinetic energy of the air molecules outside is higher than the kinetic energy of the air molecules inside. 

• The density of the air is lower on the inside than on the outside.

Answer explanation

The correct choice explains that the kinetic energy of the air molecules outside is higher than inside, causing warmer air to move in and cool the room. This is why the room feels cooler when the window is opened.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

A student takes the temperature of a bottle of liquid water and a tub filled with ice. The student then places the bottle of liquid water into the tub of ice. After 15 minutes, which of the follow best describes what happens to the temperature of each?

• Both the bottle and the ice stay the same temperature

• • 
    

    The temperature of both the ice and water decrease.

• The temperature of the ice decreases, while the temperature of the water increases

• • 
    

    The temperature of the ice increases, while the temperature of the water decreases

Answer explanation

When the bottle of water is placed in the ice, heat transfers from the warmer water to the colder ice. This causes the temperature of the water to decrease while the temperature of the ice increases as it absorbs heat.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

The process shown in the photo is _____ 

• heat transfer by radiation.

• heat transfer by direct contact.

• movement of molecules by vibration.

• movement of molecules by conduction.

Answer explanation

The process shown in the photo is heat transfer by radiation, which occurs when energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves, without the need for direct contact or a medium.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-3