Front

What is conduction?

Back

The transfer of thermal energy through a material by direct contact.

Front

What is convection?

Back

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) due to differences in temperature.

Front

What is radiation?

Back

The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, which can occur in a vacuum.

Front

How does heat flow?

Back

Heat always flows from warm to cold.

Front

What is an electromagnetic wave?

Back

A form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space.

Front

What happens to global temperatures after a massive volcanic eruption?

Back

Global temperatures would decrease due to a decrease in atmospheric transparency.

Front

What is thermal energy?

Back

The total kinetic energy of particles in a substance, related to temperature.

Front

What is the greenhouse effect?

Back

The warming of Earth's surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Front

What are greenhouse gases?

Back

Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor.

Front

What is the role of the sun in Earth's energy system?

Back

The sun is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate and weather systems.