5- RETINAL DISORDERS

What is the primary definition of diabetic retinopathy?

• A condition affecting the optic nerve

• Disorders involving vascular changes in the retina as a complication of diabetes mellitus

• Separation of retinal layers

• Inflammation of the retina

Which of the following is NOT an early cause of diabetic retinopathy?

• Excess glucose damage to blood vessels

• Changes in capillary walls

• Complete retinal detachment

• Microaneurysms formation

In which stage of diabetic retinopathy do new blood vessels begin to grow into the retinal and optic disc area?

• Mild NPDR

• Moderate NPDR

• Severe NPDR

• Proliferative DR

What medication is used to dilate pupils for eye examination?

• Tropicamide

• Cyclopentolate

• Atropine

• Phenylephrine

What is the primary surgical treatment for diabetic retinopathy with blood leakage into vitreous?

• Laser photocoagulation

• Cryotherapy

• Vitrectomy

• Scleral buckling

Which symptom is typically first noticed in retinal detachment?

• Severe pain

• Complete vision loss

• Flashing lights followed by floaters

• Color blindness

What is the definition of retinal detachment?

• Blood vessel damage in retina

• Separation of retina from choroid layer

• Formation of new blood vessels

• Inflammation of optic nerve

Which diagnostic test uses a supercooled probe to form adhesion?

• Laser reattachment

• Electrodiathermy

• Cryotherapy surgery

• Pneumatic retinopexy

How long must patients maintain position after pneumatic retinopexy?

• 24 hours continuously

• 4 hours per day for 1 week

• 8 hours per day for 3 weeks

• 16 hours initially only

What is a characteristic of severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

• Minimal blood vessel blockage

• Complete retinal detachment

• Large section of blocked retinal blood vessels

• Normal blood flow to retina