Quantitative Research Methods Quiz

What is the primary goal of sampling in quantitative research?

• To select the most skilled participants

• To generalize findings to the target population

• To avoid statistical calculations

• To focus only on qualitative insights

• To reduce the cost of the research

Which of the following is a characteristic of systematic sampling?

• Selecting participants based on their availability

• Choosing participants randomly from a list

• Selecting every k-th participant from a list

• Grouping participants by their traits

• Using expert judgment to choose participants

Which measure indicates the most frequently occurring value in a dataset?

• Mean

• Median

• Mode

• Range

• Variance

What does a p-value of 0.03 in hypothesis testing indicate?

• The null hypothesis is definitely true

• There is a 3% probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

• The alternative hypothesis is proven

• The result is not statistically significant

• The sample size is insufficient

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling from each subgroup proportionally?

• Simple random sampling

• Stratified random sampling

• Convenience sampling

• Cluster sampling

• Snowball sampling

What is the main difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

• Descriptive statistics generalize findings to the population

• Inferential statistics summarize the sample data

• Descriptive statistics focus on organizing and summarizing data

• Inferential statistics do not involve hypothesis testing

• Descriptive statistics use sampling techniques

What does the term "effect size" refer to in quantitative research?

• The significance level of the p-value

• The practical importance of the research results

• The number of participants in the sample

• The reliability of the measurement tool

• The variance in the dataset

Which of the following is an example of a parametric statistical test?

• Chi-square test

• Mann-Whitney U test

• Independent t-test

• Wilcoxon signed-rank test

• Kruskal-Wallis test

In hypothesis testing, which error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected even though it is true?

• Type I error

• Type II error

• Sampling error

• Measurement error

• Null error

Which of the following is a non-parametric statistical test?

• Linear regression

• ANOVA

• Independent t-test

• Paired t-test

• Wilcoxon rank-sum test