Intro to Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Crash Course Organic Chemistry

The video explores the chemistry of benzene, focusing on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. It compares alkene addition with benzene reactions, highlighting the need for catalysts. The video covers nitration, sulfonation, and Friedel-Crafts reactions, explaining their mechanisms and industrial applications. Safety considerations for handling chemicals like nitrobenzene are also discussed.

What is the primary source of benzene used in the chemical industry?

• Natural gas

• Crude oil

• Coal

• Wood

Why does benzene require a catalyst for electrophilic aromatic substitution?

• Benzene lacks true double bonds

• Benzene has a high boiling point

• Benzene is too reactive on its own

• Benzene is a strong nucleophile

What role does ferric bromide play in the bromination of benzene?

• It provides a source of bromine

• It acts as a Lewis acid catalyst

• It acts as a nucleophile

• It stabilizes the benzene ring

Which compound is used to nitrate benzene?

• Sulfuric acid and nitric acid

• Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid

• Nitric acid and acetic acid

• Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid

What is the electrophile in the nitration of benzene?

• Sulfur trioxide (SO3)

• Chlorine ion (Cl-)

• Hydronium ion (H3O+)

• Nitronium ion (NO2+)

What is the main product of Friedel-Crafts alkylation using isopropyl chloride?

• Phenol

• Benzaldehyde

• Cumene

• Tert-butylbenzene

What is a potential issue with Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions?

• Formation of unstable carbocations

• Excessive production of by-products

• Rearrangement to more stable carbocations

• Inability to form carbon-carbon bonds

What is the difference between Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation?

• Alkylation forms alcohols, acylation forms ketones

• Alkylation uses alkyl halides, acylation uses acyl halides

• Alkylation forms ketones, acylation forms alcohols

• Alkylation uses acyl halides, acylation uses alkyl halides

What is the product of Friedel-Crafts acylation with acetyl chloride?

• Cumene

• Benzaldehyde

• Acetophenone

• Phenol

What is the role of aluminum chloride in Friedel-Crafts reactions?

• It provides a source of chlorine

• It acts as a nucleophile

• It acts as a Lewis acid catalyst

• It stabilizes the carbocation