Genetics Pretest 24-25

DNA. We have heard that we are a product of our DNA. But where is it? How do we "get" our DNA? It is passed to us, from our parents, but in what form? Several vocabulary words associated with inheritance are used interchangeably and sometimes, incorrectly. Let's see if you can clear this up for someone just learning about inheritance and cell structure. Check out the illustration above. Using the CORRECT terminology, matched with the correct lettered structures, explain how all are related to inheritance.

• This cell (B) contains chromosomes (A) in the nucleus (C). The chromosomes are made up of genes (D) that are made of short strands of DNA (E).

• In every cell on Earth (B), DNA (A) is found in the nucleus (C). The DNA is organized into genes (D) which build chromosomes (E), which we inherit from our parents.

• This is a cell (B) with a nucleus (C) containing DNA (A). The DNA is organized into chromosomes (D). A section of the chromosome that codes for a trait is called a gene (E).

• This is a cell (B) with a nucleus (C) that contains 46 chromosomes (A). The chromosomes are makeup of many genes (E) that, in turn, are made up of long strands of tightly coiled DNA (D).

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Knowing that each parent contributes genes equally to each child, what determines an inherited trait such as eye color?

• Only the interaction between dominant genes.

• Only the interaction between recessive genes.

• The interaction between dominant and recessive genes.

• The interaction between dominant and recessive genes does not determine inherited traits.

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Plant height, leaf shape, and flower color are all examples of what in plants?

• inherited traits

• transport parts

• environmental factors

• adaptations

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Which of these does not correctly explain why there are pairs of chromosomes in this karyotype?

• A) Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.

• B) This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization.

• C) Gametes each contain a pair of chromosomes.

• D) Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.

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What information would your karyogram give scientists about you? Which choice is NOT correct?

• Your gender.

• Your personality.

• The color of your eyes.

• How tall you might be as an adult.

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Path to Proteins: _______________ is the basic unit of heredity; many of them contain the code for a specific protein. Each ______________ contains many ________________. Fill in the blanks.

• A chromosome; gene; DNA molecules
• DNA; chromosome; nitrogen bases

• A chromosome; chromosome; genes

• A chromosome; gene; DNA molecules

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Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. It is associated with a specific gene located on chromosome #7. Imagine that Barbara's mother has the gene for cystic fibrosis. Is there any chance that Barbara could have inherited the gene for the disease?

• A) No. Although a gene is part of a chromosome, all chromosomes are not inherited by offspring.

• B) No. Although egg and sperm contain chromosomes, they do not contain the chromosomes that cause disease.

• Yes. There is a chance. Copies of parental chromosomes are randomly passed to offspring through sex cells during sexual reproduction.

• Yes. Barbara has definitely inherited the disease. If her mother has the chromosome for cystic fibrosis, then Barbara has inherited gene from her mother.

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A population of rabbits follows the typical pattern of inheritance and the law of dominance for fur color. B is the allele for brown fur and b is the allele for white fur. In a population of rabbits, 160 bunnies are born. How many bunnies should be white, according to the Punnett square?

• A) 40

• B) 60

• C) 80

• D) 100

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Some of the most popular known vegetables are all derived from the same plant. They are in the cruciferous family, or commonly known as cole crops. What is the best explanation as to why one will not find broccoli growing in the wild and which plant have they all derived from?

• Broccoli plants were once found naturally in the wild, but not today.

• Broccoli was derived from the cauliflower plant. These two plants can not exist in the wild.

• Broccoli is an original plant that was found in the wild. It was developed through the process of natural selection where specific traits were chosen.

• Particular traits have been derived from the wild mustard plant and into different varieties to create the broccoli plant. This was developed through the process of selective breeding of farmers.

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How can chicken farmers use selective breeding to increase egg production?

• By selecting hens that lay the most eggs and breeding them.

• By feeding hens more grain to increase their size.

• By keeping hens in larger coops to reduce stress.

• By introducing more roosters to the flock.

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