AP Biology: Unit 3 Review (CED)

Front

What is denaturation in proteins?

Back

Denaturation is the process where proteins lose their native structure due to external stress or conditions, such as heat or pH changes, affecting their function.

Front

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Back

1. Primary: sequence of amino acids. 2. Secondary: alpha helices and beta sheets. 3. Tertiary: 3D shape of a single polypeptide. 4. Quaternary: arrangement of multiple polypeptides.

Front

What is the role of the electron transport chain?

Back

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes in the mitochondria and chloroplasts that transfer electrons, creating a proton gradient to produce ATP.

Front

Where does glycolysis occur?

Back

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Front

What is the main product of glycolysis?

Back

The main product of glycolysis is pyruvate, along with a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Front

What is the Calvin cycle?

Back

The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.

Front

What is the primary function of ATP?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.

Front

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Back

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of ATP production that occurs in the mitochondria, using the energy from the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Front

What is the significance of the Krebs cycle?

Back

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is crucial for energy production as it generates electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for the electron transport chain.

Front

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Back

Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.