Nickalos and Zack’s Sledding Experiment (MS-PS3-5)

Nickalos and Zack are sledding down a snowy hill and notice that their sled heats up as they go faster. Curious, they set up an experiment. They measure their sled’s speed and the surface temperature of the sled at different points on the hill. They record their data on a table: Relationship Between Speed, Kinetic Energy, and Sled Surface Temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Identify the independent (IV) and dependent (DV) variables in Nickalos and Zack’s sledding experiment.

Groups:

(a) Independent Variable (IV)

,

(b) Dependent Variable (DV)

• speed

• surface temperature

• kinetic energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What does the data suggest about the relationship between speed and kinetic energy?

• They are unrelated.

• Kinetic energy decreases as speed increases.

• Kinetic energy increases as speed increases.

• Speed stays constant regardless of kinetic energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

At what speed does the sled’s surface temperature reach 8.0°C?

• 2.0 m/s

• 4.0 m/s

• 6.0 m/s

• 8.0 m/s

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

What does the increase in sled surface temperature indicate?

• The sled is losing kinetic energy.

• Friction is converting kinetic energy into thermal energy.

• Thermal energy is increasing due to friction.

• The sled is getting colder as it moves faster.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Based on the data, what can you conclude about the sled's energy transformation?

• Kinetic energy transforms into potential energy.

• Thermal energy transforms into kinetic energy.

• Kinetic energy is partially transformed into thermal energy.

• Energy remains constant with no transformations.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Match the term with its description: Kinetic Energy

• Energy Transformation

• Energy related to heat.

• Thermal Energy

• The process of changing one form of energy into another.

• Kinetic Energy

• Energy of motion.

• Friction

• A force that resists motion and produces heat.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Reorder the steps of energy transformation during sledding: What is the first step?

• The sled accelerates down the hill, increasing speed.

• Kinetic energy of the sled increases.

• Friction between the sled and snow generates heat.

• Thermal energy causes the sled surface to warm up.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Complete the sentence: As speed increases, kinetic energy (a)   .

• increases
• decreases

• remains constant

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Complete the sentence: Friction converts kinetic energy into ​ (a)   energy.

• potential

• thermal
• mechanical

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5