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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

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What is gene expression?

Back

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically proteins.

Front

What is gel electrophoresis?

Back

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric field.

Front

How do restriction enzymes function in genetic engineering?

Back

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to manipulate genes for various applications.

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What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, which is the first step in gene expression.

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What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA template.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame and altering the entire protein.

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What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What are operons?

Back

Operons are clusters of genes under the control of a single promoter, commonly found in prokaryotes, that regulate gene expression.

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What is the significance of the genetic code?

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The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.