What does "AV junction" refer to in the context of cardiac physiology?

• Atrioventricular node

• Sinoatrial node

• Bundle of His

• Purkinje fibers

What does the term "retrograde" imply in medical terminology?

• Forward movement

• Backward movement

• Lateral movement

• Circular movement

What does an isoelectric waveform indicate?

• Flat, no current flowing

• Upright, current flows to positive electrode

• Downward, current flows away from positive electrode

• Circular, current flows in a loop

What characterizes a positive deflection in a waveform?

• Flat, no current flowing

• Upright, current flows to positive electrode

• Downward, current flows away from positive electrode

• Circular, current flows in a loop

What happens during a negative deflection in a waveform?

• Flat, no current flowing

• Upright, current flows to positive electrode

• Downward, current flows away from positive electrode

• Circular, current flows in a loop

What is the primary function of the heart?

• To filter blood

• To pump blood throughout the body

• To produce red blood cells

• To store oxygen

Which part of the heart is responsible for receiving oxygenated blood from the lungs?

• Right atrium

• Left atrium

• Right ventricle

• Left ventricle

What is the role of the valves in the heart?

• To increase blood pressure

• To prevent backflow of blood

• To oxygenate the blood

• To store blood

What is the inherent rate of the AV junction?

• 20 to 40 beats per minute

• 40 to 60 beats per minute

• 60 to 80 beats per minute

• 80 to 100 beats per minute

What is the function of the AV junction in the heart?

• Primary pacemaker

• Backup pacemaker

• Blood pump

• Oxygen supplier