Unit 4 Final Exam Review

Plants have adapted to survive in a desert biome. Some of these adaptations are described below. Select all of the adaptations to biotic factors in a plant's desert biome.

• Spines protect plants from consumers.

• Flowers open at night for pollination by bats.

• Needles lose less water than broad leaves in high temperatures.

• Wide root structures help plants soak up water in rare rainstorms

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What does biotic mean?

• Living

• Non-living

What type of organism creates its own food using energy from the Sun?

• producer

• consumer

• decomposer

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Phytoplankton are producers that can make their own food. Zebra mussels are consumers that live in the same areas as phytoplankton. The population density of phytoplankton in an area can be measured by detecting the concentration of chlorophyll present in the water. The graph represents the relationship between zebra mussel population density and chlorophyll concentration.

Based on the graph, a scientist claims that the population of phytoplankton decreases as the population of zebra mussels increases. What could be the possible reason behind this?

• Zebra mussels feed on phytoplankton.

• Zebra mussels absorb carbon dioxide required by phytoplankton.

• Zebra mussels compete with phytoplankton for food.

• Zebra mussels compete with phytoplankton for sunlight.

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Biomes include both biotic and abiotic elements. Which set includes both biotic and abiotic elements of an estuary?

• cordgrass, water salinity, great blue herons

• ospreys, oysters, black needle rush

• silt, air temperature, tidal pattern

• periwinkles, bats, egrets

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The tables show the total plant mass and total dissolved carbon from three ponds within a national park in four different months.

If humans accidentally release an herbicide, a chemical that kills plants, into the ponds, what impact would this have on the amounts of carbon the ponds could remove from the surrounding environment?

• The amounts of carbon that the ponds could remove would decrease because there are less plants to cycle matter.

• The amounts of carbon that the ponds could remove would increase because there is more area to cycle matter.

• The amounts of carbon that the ponds could remove would increase because the plants decompose underwater.

• The amounts of carbon that the ponds could remove would decrease because the plants retain strong roots.

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Which environmental change will cause an increase in the amount of carbon removed from the atmosphere?

• a forest increasing in size

• a field reducing in size

• a factory replacing a forest

• a parking lot built on top of a field

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Which mechanism helps carbon to cycle from the atmosphere to living organisms?

• tissue decomposition

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• transpiration

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Which mechanism helps carbon to cycle from the atmosphere to living organisms?

• tissue decomposition

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• transpiration

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The United States Geological Survey tracks the masses of three glaciers: The Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers in Alaska and the South Cascade Glacier in Washington. These glaciers are studied carefully, and changes in their masses are recorded. The graph below shows the change in the masses of each glacier since 1958.

Most scientists agree that the change in the three glaciers is due largely to global climate change. If so, which claim about the climate is best supported by the data?

• The climate has cooled evenly and substantially at all latitudes since 1960.

• The climate has warmed since 1960, but most dramatically from 1990 to the present.

• The climate in northern latitudes changed at a substantially different rate after 1990 than the climate further south.

• The climate changed dramatically from 1960 to 1990, but the rate of change has slowed considerably since then.

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