European Thinkers and Authority

Who was the Englishman that identified the misuse of power by kings and lords in the 1600s?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Isaac Newton

• Francis Bacon

What do natural rights include according to John Locke?

• Freedom of speech and press

• Life, liberty, and property

• Equality and fraternity

• Justice and fairness

What is constitutionalism?

• The belief in a monarchy

• The limiting of state powers by agreed documents

• The idea of a dictatorship

• The expansion of state powers

Which group heavily argued for the concepts introduced by John Locke?

• The clergy

• The landed gentry

• The peasantry

• The monarchy

What is the main purpose of the separation of powers doctrine?

• To increase the power of the executive branch

• To prevent any one ruler or group from exercising absolute tyranny

• To unify all branches under one leader

• To eliminate the judicial branch

Which Enlightenment thinker is known for advocating the 'general will'?

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Kant

• Descartes

In which country did Enlightenment thinkers notably question the role of religion and the state?

• England

• Germany

• France

• Italy

Which philosopher is responsible for the concept of separation of powers and checks and balances in government?

• Rousseau

• Hobbes

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

Which revolutionaries were heavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers according to the text?

• Revolutionaries in China and Japan

• Revolutionaries in America and France

• Revolutionaries in Russia and Germany

• Revolutionaries in India and South Africa

What did Voltaire vigorously defend?

• Monarchical power

• Religious freedom and the freedom of speech

• Military conquests

• Traditional social hierarchies