Biology Tutorial on the Central Dogma and Protein Synthesis

What does the Central Dogma in Biology state?

• Genetic information flows from RNA to DNA to proteins.

• Genetic information flows from proteins to RNA to DNA.

• Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.

• Genetic information flows from proteins to DNA to RNA.

What is a gene?

• A segment of RNA that contains instructions to make a specific protein.

• A segment of DNA that contains instructions to make a specific protein.

• A segment of protein that contains instructions to make a specific RNA.

• A segment of amino acid that contains instructions to make a specific DNA.

Polymers called proteins are made of monomers called ____?

• Nucleotides

• Lipids

• Amino acids

• Carbohydrates

How many different amino acids are there?

• 20

• 100-120

• about 1,000

• >20,000

What is the process of encoding the DNA gene onto mRNA called?

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Transformation

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• It carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

• It forms the structure of the ribosome.

• It transports amino acids to the ribosome.

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

What are codons?

• Sets of 3 bases on the DNA

• Sets of 3 bases on the mRNA

• Sets of 3 bases on the tRNA

• Sets of 3 bases on the rRNA

What is an anti-codon?

• A sequence on mRNA that matches the DNA codon

• A sequence on tRNA that matches the mRNA codon

• A set of 3 amino acids

• A mutated gene

What is a polypeptide?

• A linear chain of nucleotides

• A linear chain of lipids

• A linear chain of amino acids

• A linear chain of carbohydrates

What enables a protein to do its job?

• Its linear structure

• Its sequence

• Its 3-D structure

• Its genes