Multiple Choice Questions: Classical and Operant Conditioning

What is the primary focus of classical conditioning?

• Voluntary behaviors controlled by consequences

• Reflexive responses to stimuli

• Reinforcement of desired behavior

• Cognitive processing of stimuli

In Pavlov's experiments, what served as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

• Sound of a metronome

• Food powder

• Salivation

• Ticking clock

What term describes the learned response to a conditioned stimulus?

• Unconditioned Response (UCR)

• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

• Conditioned Response (CR)

• Extinction

What is extinction in classical conditioning?

• The strengthening of the conditioned response

• The process of pairing the UCS with a neutral stimulus

• The diminishing of a conditioned response when the CS is no longer paired with the UCS

• Spontaneous recovery of the conditioned response

Which concept explains why similar stimuli can elicit the conditioned response?

• Extinction

• Generalization

• Spontaneous recovery

• Discrimination

What is higher-order conditioning?

• Conditioning involving more complex stimuli

• Conditioning where a CS is paired with a new neutral stimulus, making it a second-order CS

• Extinction of conditioned responses over time

• A response involving multiple unconditioned stimuli

Who is credited with developing operant conditioning theory?

• A) Ivan Pavlov

• B) Edward Thorndike

• C) B.F. Skinner

In the context of classical conditioning, what was the conditioned stimulus in the Little Albert experiment?

• A) A loud noise

• B) A white rat

• C) Albert’s emotional reaction

• D) A steel bar

Who is associated with the theory of operant conditioning?

• Ivan Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandura

• John Watson

What is the primary focus of operant conditioning?

• Reflexive responses to stimuli

• Voluntary behaviors influenced by consequences

• Cognitive restructuring of habits

• Generalization and discrimination