Ch 7 Test Review, pt 2

Shari and her family change their use of transportation. They use their private vehicles less often, instead rely more on public transportation, bicycles, and walking. How does this change their behavior affect their ecological footprint?

• The footprint decreases since the family uses fewer energy resources & reduces their emissions of greenhouse gases.

• The footprint decreases because the family travels across a smaller area of land.

• The footprint increases because vehicles such as buses & subways use more energy than private automobiles.

• The footprint is not affected because the family's use of resources is approximately the same as before.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-3

Juanita claims that cattle ranching contributes more significantly to global climate change than most other forms of agriculture. Clayton doubts this claim because CO2 is released by all animals, not just cows.

Which observation MOST strongly supports Juanita's claims?

• A cow is an especially large animal, so it releases more CO2 than a typical animal.

• A cow is raised for food for humans, so it does not decompose as many wild animals do.

• A cow releases large amounts of methane gas which is an especially potent greenhouse gas.

• A cow eats large amounts of grass which helps remove greenhouse gases through photosynthesis.

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-6

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A population of timberwolves lives in a large tract of forest. A developer proposes building a six-lane highway across the middle of the forest. The developer claims that the timberwolves would be minimally affected because the highway would replace only about 1% of the land of the forest.

Which statement provides the strongest argument AGAINST the developer's claim?

• Wolves hunt across large territories, so habitat fragmentation puts them at risk.

• Wolves have been observed roaming the land where the highway would be.

• At least one wolf has built a den in the land where the highway would be.

• Deer, rabbits, and other prey of wolves have been observed roaming the land where the highway would be.

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Johan claims that ozone is one of the harmful components of smog, that it is the result of human activity, and that it harms human health Based on these claims, he argues that the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) should be encouraged, because CFC’s help break up ozone.

Which is the most accurate evaluation of Johan’s claim & argument?

• The claims are accurate & the argument is supported by evidence.

• The claims are accurate, but the argument is faulty since ozone in the upper atmosphere protects life on the surface.

• The claims are inaccurate and the argument is faulty since ozone is essential for human health.

• The claims are inaccurate since ozone is a natural part of the atmosphere, but the argument is supported by evidence.

An organization of climate scientists reached an agreement on global climate change. They agree that the problem is serious and that a variety of measures should be enacted worldwide. The measures include a global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a switch to renewable energy resources.

What is the effect, in practice, of the agreement of the scientists?

• the agreement dictates the laws of world governments, which have no right to alter the laws

• the agreement forms the basis of laws enacted by world governments, which always include scientific oversight

• the agreement may help guide world governments but does not force their actions

• the agreement supersedes the actions of world governments because of the importance of global climate change

Sustainable development favors the use of renewable resources, such as harnessing the energy of wind or sunlight. It does not favor the use of nonrenewable resources, such as fossil fuels. Which property of renewable resources explains their role in sustainable development?

• renewable resources involve materials or energy found in nature

• renewable resources can be replaced effectively by healthy ecosystems

• renewable resources are less expensive and more useful than nonrenewable resources

• renewable resources involve synthetic or artificial materials that are not found in nature

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

Scientists apply cause-and-effect relationships to develop computer simulations of Earth's climate, which are useful for predicting how the climate will change.

Which statement identifies the direct or indirect cause of the events described by the other three statements?

• Climate is changing, including patterns of precipitation, storms, droughts, & heat waves.

• The greenhouse effect is increasing.

• Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, are adding CO2 to the atmosphere.

• Ecosystems are changing, many species are now at risk.

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

Besides the reactions shown in Simone's model, what other chemical reactions would be most useful for Simone to include? 3 are correct

• overall reaction of cellular respiration

• overall reaction of photosynthesis

• reactions that produce acid rain

• combustion of fossil fuels

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Which icon represents the mechanism that affects Earth's temperatures, and that now is causing the temperatures to increase?

• greenhouse gases

• greenhouse effect

• carbon

• global sea level rise

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Chemicals called PCBs were manufactured and widely used up until the 1970’s. Unfortunately, these chemicals are harmful to humans and wildlife.

Some legislators are concerned about PCBs accumulating in mud and sand deposits in their regions. They commission a laboratory analysis, which shows that PCBs are present in the mud and sand, but in very low amounts.

Which statement about PCBs is MOST useful for evaluating the laboratory analysis?

• PCBs persist in the environment through biomagnification

• Current laws ban the manufacture & use of PCBs

• Scientists have no evidence of PCBs harming populations of earthworms, insects, & other small animals

• Scientists have developed new, safer chemicals that can replace PCBs in many industrial processes

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