DNA Mutations

What is a mutation in the context of DNA?

• A change in the cell membrane
• A change in the protein structure
• A change in the RNA base sequence
• A change in the DNA base sequence

What is the role of non-coding DNA in gene expression?

• Coding for proteins
• Producing energy for the cell
• Regulating whether genes are turned on or off
• Affecting cell division

What is a gene?

• A section of DNA that codes for protein
• A type of cell
• A type of mutation
• A type of amino acid

What is the consequence of a substitution mutation?

• Creating a new gene
• Doubling the number of bases in a sequence
• Deleting a section of DNA
• Changing the amino acid that a codon codes for

What increases the risk of mutations?

• Carcinogens and certain types of radiation
• Sunlight exposure
• Vitamins and minerals
• Exercise and healthy diet

What happens in an insertion mutation?

• An extra base is added to the DNA sequence
• A base is substituted for another
• The DNA sequence remains unchanged
• A base is deleted from the sequence

How do mutations affect the sequence of amino acids?

• By changing the codons in DNA
• By changing the structure of proteins
• By increasing cell division
• By altering the cell membrane

How do carcinogens and radiation increase the risk of mutations?

• By causing changes in the DNA base sequence
• By increasing cell division
• By promoting healthy cell growth
• By reducing DNA duplication

Which type of mutation involves an extra base being inserted into the DNA sequence?

• Translocations
• Deletions
• Substitutions
• Insertions

How do mutations affect protein function?

• By reducing gene expression
• By increasing cell division
• By changing the amino acid sequence
• By altering the cell structure