Unit 4: Nucleic Acids Protein Synthesis and Unit 5: Gene Express

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

• rRNA

• tRNA

• mRNA

• snRNA

Describe the role of tRNA in the process of translation.

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them with the mRNA codon.

• It forms the core of the ribosome's structure and catalyzes protein synthesis.

• It carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

• It processes and modifies mRNA after transcription.

Explain how a mutation in the nucleotide sequence of a gene might affect the protein produced.

• It always results in a nonfunctional protein.

• It may change the amino acid sequence, potentially altering protein function.

• It has no effect on the protein produced.

• It only affects the protein if it occurs in the intron region.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How does a frameshift mutation affect the reading frame of a gene?

• It changes only one amino acid in the protein.

• It shifts the reading frame, altering the entire amino acid sequence downstream.

• It has no effect on the reading frame.

• It only affects the start codon.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Identify the process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template.

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Splicing

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the core of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bond formation.

• It carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

• It processes and modifies mRNA.

Predict the effect of a nonsense mutation on a protein.

• It results in a longer protein.

• It introduces a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated protein.

• It has no effect on the protein.

• It changes the protein's primary structure without affecting its function.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the function of the anticodon region of tRNA?

• It binds to the ribosome.

• It pairs with the complementary mRNA codon.

• It carries the amino acid to the ribosome.

• It signals the end of translation.

Explain the significance of the genetic code being described as "universal."

• It means that all organisms use the same DNA sequence.

• It indicates that the same codons specify the same amino acids in nearly all organisms.

• It suggests that all organisms have identical proteins.

• It implies that all organisms have the same number of genes.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How might a silent mutation affect the protein produced by a gene?

• It changes the amino acid sequence, altering protein function.

• It introduces a stop codon, truncating the protein.

• It does not change the amino acid sequence and typically has no effect on protein function.

• It results in a frameshift, altering the reading frame.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2