APA Citation Quiz

What are the two types of citations used in APA format?

• Direct and Indirect

• Narrative and Parenthetical

• Formal and Informal

• Primary and Secondary

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/z4rQDiFLCxk?feature=shared

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The main difference between narrative and parenthetical citations is that with a narrative

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citation, the author’s name is part of the grammar of the sentence.

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So, with a narrative citation, you're going to mention the author or authors within the

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text of the sentence itself.

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The other option is to use a parenthetical citation.

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Notice the word parenthetical, like parentheses, so all of the information is within parentheses

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after the idea that it refers to.

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You’ll use a parenthetical citation when you don't actually mention the author within

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the text of the sentence.

What is added to a direct quotation in APA citations?

• Quotation marks and page number

• Footnotes and endnotes

• Italics and paragraph number

• Bold text and author name

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/z4rQDiFLCxk?feature=shared

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The only difference is that for a direct quotation, we add quotation marks and the page or paragraph

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number.

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Most of the time we include the page number, but with so many more resources being available

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online without specific pages, there's also the option to use the paragraph number.

When should you use a parenthetical citation?

• When summarizing information

• When citing a book

• When you don't mention the author in the text

• When the author is mentioned in the text

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/z4rQDiFLCxk?feature=shared

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The other option is to use a parenthetical citation.

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Notice the word parenthetical, like parentheses, so all of the information is within parentheses

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after the idea that it refers to.

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You’ll use a parenthetical citation when you don't actually mention the author within

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the text of the sentence.

What does APA recommend regarding the balance of citations?

• Only cite direct quotes

• Use only parenthetical citations

• Avoid both under citation and over citation

• Cite every sentence

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/XJ33ggSeO2w?feature=shared

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This paragraph clearly cites the information that was retrieved from the two sources, but

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it doesn’t cite so much that the citations are repetitive or distracting—there’s

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a balance to the citations.

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Additionally, because this last sentence is the author’s own analysis, it does not need

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a citation.

What is an example of under citation?

• Using too many citations

• Citing every sentence in a paragraph

• Citing only direct quotes

• Not citing sources clearly

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/XJ33ggSeO2w?feature=shared

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As a reader I have a few questions about where this information is from.

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Without enough citations it's not clear if the author is stating his or her opinions

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or if the author is using sources and not citing them, and if the author is using sources

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and not citing them, that's plagiarism.

What is over citation?

• Citing too few sources

• Citing only paraphrases

• Not citing at all

• Citing every sentence unnecessarily

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/XJ33ggSeO2w?feature=shared

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Notice how we’ve taken the previous paragraph and added too many citations: Each sentence

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has a citation, and one sentence has two citations.

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It can be overwhelming and distracting to the reader to see so many citations in one

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paragraph, so APA wants us to also avoid this example of over citation.

What should you do when using the same author multiple times in a paragraph using narrative citations?

• Omit the year after the first citation

• Cite only the first instance

• Always include the year

• Use a different citation style

Answer explanation

• https://youtu.be/_e5h_Hoe92w?feature=shared

• ・Narrative Citations: Mention the year once in the paragraph and omit it in subsequent references unless it’s unclear which source is being discussed.

• Example:
  Smith (2020) argues that social media impacts mental health in various ways. He highlights that excessive use can lead to increased feelings of anxiety and depression. Smith also suggests that limiting screen time could improve overall well-being.

• ・Parenthetical Citations: Always include the year.

• Example:
  Social media impacts mental health in various ways (Smith, 2020). Excessive use can lead to increased anxiety (Smith, 2020).

• ・Ensure clarity when discussing multiple sources.

• Example:
  Smith (2020) argues that social media impacts mental health in various ways. However, Johnson (2019) claims that its effects are more positive than negative. Smith further notes that limiting screen time could improve well-being.

What is a long paraphrase in APA?

• Using multiple sources in one sentence

• Summarizing information from the same source throughout a paragraph

• Citing a source only once

• Using direct quotes only

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/XJ33ggSeO2w?feature=shared

Example of a Long Paraphrase:

Original text:

"The global climate crisis has intensified due to human activities such as deforestation and fossil fuel consumption. These actions have led to an increase in greenhouse gases, resulting in higher global temperatures and severe weather patterns."

Long paraphrase:

According to Smith (2021), human activities, particularly deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels, have significantly contributed to the worsening of the global climate crisis. These behaviors release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and raise global temperatures. As a result, the planet is experiencing more extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heatwaves, and floods. Smith emphasizes the urgency of reducing these harmful practices to mitigate future damage.

Why is it important to cite sources?

• To avoid plagiarism

• To make the text longer

• To confuse the reader

• To use more quotes

Answer explanation

https://youtu.be/L-KyPVGxmuk?feature=shared

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Indicating where you originally found or learned an idea is important because it respects the

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author, it gives the authors credit for their ideas.

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Another reason why we cite is to indicate when you're using sources.

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Another reason that we cite is to direct the reader to the reference list.

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This can be helpful to your readers’ own research and to help readers learn more about

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ideas you’re using in your writing.

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Another reason we cite is to maintain integrity and credibility.

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Citing your sources can demonstrate to the reader that you've read the relevant literature

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and that you are well versed on the topic.

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And finally, one of the reasons that you may know about is to avoid plagiarism.

What happens if you don't cite your sources?

• Your work will be more credible

• You will receive a higher grade

• Your writing will be clearer

• You may be accused of plagiarism