Chapter 8 L1-3

In the Middle Ages, scientists, known as _______ , relied on ancient authorities like Aristotle rather than observing the natural world themselves.

• natural philosophers

• renacentists

• theologists

• none of them

New instrument developed in the Renaissance whose creation spread new ideas and discoveries quickly.

• Renaissance

• All of them

• Caravel

• Printing press

Astronomic system used until the Middle Ages, which proposed to philosophers a geocentric model with Earth at the center of the universe.

• Aristotelic System

• Heliocentric System

• Ptolemaic System

• None of them

Scientist who introduced a heliocentric model placing the sun at the center of the universe, with the planets orbiting it and the moon revolving around Earth.

• Nicholaus Copernicus

• Johannes Kepler

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

Scientist who advanced Copernicus's heliocentric model and revealed that planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular, with the sun positioned near one focus.

• Blaise Pascal

• Johannes Kepler

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

Scientist who discovered that celestial bodies, including Earth's moon and Jupiter's moons, were made of material substance, challenging the Ptolemaic view of heavenly bodies as pure orbs of light.

• Blaise Pascal

• Rene Descartes

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

Scientist who developed the Laws of Motion becoming the main and most important figure of the Scientific Revolution.

• Blaise Pascal

• Rene Descartes

• Francis Bacon

• Isaac Newton

Scientists who revolutionized the understanding of human anatomy in the 16th century by conducting human dissections and discovering the circulatory system's workings

• Galileo Galilei & Johannes Kepler

• Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey

• Francis Bacon & Blaise Pascal

• Isaac Newton & Rene Descartes

Scientist who studied the behavior of liquids under pressure, which laid the groundwork for inventions like syringes and hydraulic presses.

• Blaise Pascal

• Rene Descartes

• Francis Bacon

• Antoine Lavoisier

Thinker who established his philosophy by doubting all prior knowledge, grounding his system in the certainty of his own existence—"I think, therefore I am."

• Blaise Pascal

• Rene Descartes

• Francis Bacon

• Antoine Lavoisier