Understanding Criminal Psychology Theories 6.1

What is positive reinforcement in the context of operant conditioning?

• Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour

• Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour

• Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour

• Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

• Giving a child a treat for doing homework

• Taking away a toy for bad behaviour

• Removing a loud noise when a task is completed

• Giving a detention for being late

What does positive punishment involve?

• Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour

• Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour

• Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour

• Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour

Which of the following describes negative punishment?

• Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour

• Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour

• Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour

• Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour

What are primary reinforcers?

• Stimuli that have innate reinforcing qualities

• Stimuli that acquire reinforcing qualities through association

• Punishments that decrease behaviour

• Rewards given after a behaviour

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

• Food

• Water

• Money

• Shelter

In Social Learning Theory, what is a role model?

• Someone who observes and imitates others

• Someone who is observed and imitated by others

• Someone who punishes bad behaviour

• Someone who reinforces good behaviour

What does modelling refer to in Social Learning Theory?

• Observing and imitating a behaviour

• Reinforcing a behaviour

• Punishing a behaviour

• Ignoring a behaviour

What is identification in the context of Social Learning Theory?

• Recognising a behaviour as undesirable

• Feeling similar to a role model and wanting to be like them

• Observing a behaviour without imitating it

• Reinforcing a behaviour with rewards

What is observational learning?

• Learning through direct experience

• Learning by observing others

• Learning through trial and error

• Learning through punishment