Church vs. State/Innovations in Thinking Test

Examine the source below. What is the most likely reason that King Henry IV apologized to Pope Gregory VII?

• Because Pope Gregory VII could sue King Henry IV.
• Because King Henry IV was going to lose all his battleships.
• Because Pope Gregory VII could go to war with King Henry IV.
• Because King Henry IV would have lost his power as king.

Source A (above) mentions that Pope Gregory VII "excommunicated" King Henry IV from the church. What does excommunicate mean?

• Ban from the church
• Throw in jail
• Take all of a person's land
• Cease all communication with a person

According to the source below, who is in power during the Middle Ages?

• The clergy, because they have fancy and expensive clothes.
• The clergy, indicating they are closest to Heaven/God.
• The Third Estate (peasants), because they planned an uprising to get equal rights.
• The Third Estate (peasants), because they were in guilds together.

The source above mentions the "clergy". What is the clergy?

• Group of high-ranking priests who elect the Pope
• A government or nation
• Multiple groups or people compete for power
• All people who work for the church

Examine the source below. How is King James I shifting the ideas of power in the Middle Ages?

• King James says the King and Pope are equal in power.
• King James says the Divine Right of Kings gives Popes the right to rule like a king.
• King James says that only God can give kings the right to rule.
• King James says the Pope can remove the king from power.

Examine the source below. What term does this painting show?

• Investiture
• Clergy
• Divine Right of Kings
• Heavy Plow

How does the source below show that the Divine Right of Kings was impactful in medieval Europe?

• It is still the coat of arms for the United Kingdom today.
• It gives the current royal family their power.
• It is used in battles.
• It represents honor and religion.

According to the source below, why was the Magna Carta an important innovation in European thought?

• It forced all kings to step down and resign.
• It provided a basic outline for future changes in governments.
• It gave all peasants equal rights as nobles.
• It allowed for peasants to vote in elections.

According to the source below, how did the heavy plow most likely transform European society?

• It improved health and survival
• It helped farmers buy more animals
• It allowed more peasants to find jobs
• It improved farming and agriculture technology

According to the source below, what is the most likely way manuscripts were a change in thinking that transformed Europe in the middle ages?

• They spread knowledge and increased the ability to read/write
• They prevented people from disease
• They increased the amount of trade in Europe
• They forced all kings and nobles to give their money to peasants