Ch 8 Sec 3 Reasoning and Decision Making

What is a premise?

• A conclusion drawn from evidence

• An idea or statement providing basic information

• A random guess

• A hypothesis to be tested

What allows us to draw conclusions in reasoning?

• Premises

• Guesses

• Assumptions

• Hypotheses

What is the starting point in deductive reasoning?

• General statement or principle

• Individual cases

• Specific facts

• Incorrect premises

Which field relies on inductive reasoning?

• Mathematics

• Psychology

• Literature

• History

What is the outcome of reasoning from individual cases in inductive reasoning?

• Specific conclusions

• General conclusions

• Incorrect assumptions

• Detailed analyses

What is a common use of inductive reasoning?

• To confirm assumptions

• To reach general conclusions

• To start with general principles

• To avoid incorrect conclusions

What is a limitation of inductive reasoning?

• It is always correct

• It is never used

• It can lead to incorrect conclusions

• It is always based on facts

What is the availability heuristic?

• A method to make decisions based on statistical analysis

• A way to make decisions based on available information in immediate consciousness

• A technique to predict future events accurately

• A strategy to avoid making decisions

What does the representativeness heuristic involve?

• Making decisions based on past experiences

• Making decisions according to the population a sample appears to represent

• Making decisions based on emotional responses

• Making decisions by flipping a coin

Which heuristic helps people make decisions based on immediate information?

• Representativeness heuristic

• Availability heuristic

• Statistical heuristic

• Emotional heuristic