Midterm Review Part 2

How do the Islamic Regional Centers develop as a region?

• Through isolation and self-reliance

• By connecting through trade, religion, and intellectual exchange

• By focusing solely on military expansion

• By rejecting foreign influence

Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

• Faith (Shahada)

• Fasting during Ramadan (Sawm)

• Giving to charity (Zakat)

• Reciting prayers in Latin

How did the geography of the Arabian Peninsula support trade development?

• It was rich in gold and diamonds

• It had natural waterways like the Nile River

• It served as a crossroads connecting Africa, Asia, and Europe

• It was isolated from neighboring regions

Islamic scholars contributed to the Golden Age of Islam by:

• Rejecting foreign ideas

• Translating and preserving ancient texts in places like the House of Wisdom

• Focusing solely on religious studies

• Inventing feudalism

The Abbasid Caliphate maintained control over a vast empire by:

• By crushing rebellions in Europe and Africa

• Using a sophisticated bureaucracy, decentralizing power to local leaders, and taxes like the jizya

• Avoiding trade connections with other regions

• Relying on alliances with the Mongols

What was the role of the Caliph?

• A local tribal leader

• The religious and political leader of the Islamic community

• A merchant responsible for trade

• A military general in the Abbasid army

The House of Wisdom was:

• A marketplace in Mecca

• A library and center for learning in Baghdad

• The main palace of the Caliph

• A fort used to defend against invasions

What was a key agricultural improvement in Medieval Europe?

• The development of the plowshare

• The three-field system of crop rotation

• The use of aqueducts for irrigation

• The replacement of serfs with knights

What role did the Catholic Church play in Europe’s development?

• It unified people under a shared belief system

• It focused exclusively on economic reforms

• It eliminated feudalism

• It rejected advancements in education

What were the primary causes of the Crusades?

• Economic stagnation and famine

• Religious motivations and the desire to control holy lands

• Resistance to Islamic trade dominance

• Territorial disputes within Europe