Biology Midterm Review 24-25

Which of the following is TRUE about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the same, they just have different shapes.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, eukaryotic cells do not.

• Prokaryotic cells are much larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.

• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Bacteria is a simple cell that has neither a nucleus nor organelles, therefore it is said to be what type of cell?

• Prokaryotic cells

• Eukaryotic cells

• Plant cells

• Animal cells

This is the 'control center' or 'brain' of the cell and it directs all cellular activity.

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Nucleolus

• Centriole

Which of the following is TRUE about animal and plant cells?

• Animal cells have more flexible shape since they do not have a cell wall

• Plant cells have a rectangular shape since they have a cell wall

• Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic; they both have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

• All of the above

Which of the following is in order from smallest to largest?

• Organ, tissue, cell, organ system

• Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

• Tissue, cell, organ, organ system

• Organ system, organ, tissue, cell

Cells maintain stability through homeostasis by:

• Keeping everything inside the cell

• Keeping everything outside the cell

• Controlling what enters and exits the cell

• Moving to a more suitable environment

Which would best describe a cell with a 20% concentration of glucose (80% water) placed into a solution of 100% pure water?

• The cell exists in a hypotonic environment and the cell will swell

• The cell exists in an isotonic environment and the cell will remain the same size

• The cell exists in a hypertonic environment and the cell will shrink

• The cell exists in homeostasis the cell will stay the same size

Which of the following best describes the behavior of molecules in an ISOTONIC solution?

• There are more water molecules entering the cell than leaving.

• There is no movement of molecules across the membrane.

• There is an equal number of water molecules both entering and leaving the cell.

• The cell shrinks slowly.

The town of Snowville used heavy concentrations of salt on the roads in the winter to melt the ice and snow. During the Spring, melting snow and rain washed the salt into the surrounding ground and eventually into nearby streams and lakes. Why might this heavy accumulation of salt be a concern for local trees during the Spring thaw?

• The salt creates a hypertonic effect which would cause the trees to wilt and die.

• The salt creates a hypotonic effect which would cause the trees to wilt and die.

• The salt creates an isotonic effect and the trees wilt and die.

• The salt would have no effect on the trees.

Which of the following is true about POSITIVE FEEDBACK loops:

• A. They are like the thermostat in your home, it maintains stable conditions in your body.

• B. It is when your brain detects a change and activates a process to increase the change or make it happen faster. (like saying "MORE, MORE, MORE!"

• C. It is how your body maintains its temperature, glucose (sugar), and calcium levels.

• D. It is when your brain detects a change and activates a process to reverse the change back to normal. (like saying NO, NO, NO!)