Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

Many ______ get energy from sunlight.

• organisms
• rocks

• dirt

• pebbles

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______ get energy by eating other organisms.

• Consumers
• Organisms

• Producers

• Autotrophs

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Water that flows over the surface of the ground is called ______.

• evaporation

• transpiration

• precipitation

• runoff

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______ is the process by which bacteria turn nitrogen gas into compounds plants can use.

• Nitrogen fixation
• Fermentation

• Carbon fixation

• Oxygen fixation

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Dead organisms that were buried may turn into ______ after millions of years.

• gas energy

• light fuels

• fossil fuels

• carbon cycle

What happens to energy and matter when an organism is eaten?

• Energy and matter are destroyed.

• Energy and matter are converted into waste.

• Energy and matter are transferred to the organism that eats it.

• Energy and matter disappear.

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The ability to do work is called (a)   .

• Energy
• Power
• Force
• Work

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_______ is anything that has mass and takes up space.

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A(n) (a)   can be used to trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem.

• Food chain
• Food web
• Energy pyramid
• Nutrient cycle

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Which of the following best explains the difference between a producer, a consumer, and a decomposer?

• Producers make their own food, consumers eat other organisms, and decomposers break down dead material.

• Producers eat other organisms, consumers make their own food, and decomposers break down dead material.

• Producers and consumers both make their own food, while decomposers eat other organisms.

• Producers, consumers, and decomposers all make their own food.

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