3RF - CJ review

A geologist finds a rock that cooled from molten material and contains large crystals.

What does this tell us about how the rock formed?

• a) It formed quickly on Earth's surface.

• b) It formed slowly beneath Earth's surface.

• c) It was compacted from sediment over time.

• d) It was formed by weathering and erosion.

What is the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

• a) Intrusive rocks cool underground; extrusive rocks cool at the surface.

• b) Extrusive rocks contain fossils; intrusive rocks do not.

• c) Intrusive rocks form from compacted sediment; extrusive rocks form from lava.

• d) Extrusive rocks are older than intrusive rocks.

Sedimentary rock layers in a canyon show fossils of marine animals. What does this

suggest?

• a) The canyon was once a volcanic region.

• b) The area was previously covered by water.

• c) The fossils formed due to tectonic activity.

• d) The fossils were brought there by glaciers.

What happens to sedimentary rock over time due to compaction and cementation?

• a) It becomes fossilized.

• b) It turns into igneous rock.

• c) It forms solid layers of rock.

• d) It melts and hardens into a new rock.

A volcanic island forms in the middle of the ocean. What kind of rock is it primarily

composed of?

• a) Sedimentary

• b) Igneous

• c) Metamorphic

• d) Limestone

What process is responsible for breaking down igneous rock into smaller pieces over

time?

• Melting

• Compaction

• Weathering

• Cementation

A river carries small pieces of rock downstream. Over time, these particles settle and

form a new rock layer. What type of rock is being formed?

• a) Igneous

• b) Sedimentary

• c) Volcanic

• d) Glassy

A scientist is studying a rock with visible layers of sand and pebbles cemented

together. What type of rock is this?

• a) Igneous

• b) Sedimentary

• c) Volcanic

• d) Basalt

What best explains why some igneous rocks have large crystals while others have

small crystals?

• a) The amount of gas in the magma

• b) The rate at which the rock cools

• c) The minerals in the magma

• d) The weight of surrounding rocks

How does plate movement contribute to the rock cycle?

• a) It prevents rock from breaking down.

• b) It only affects sedimentary rock.

• c) It provides heat and pressure to melt and transform rock.

• d) It allows fossils to form in magma.