week 11

What does the garden-path theory suggest about sentence processing?

• Sentences are processed in parallel

• Sentences are processed serially based on syntactic heuristics

• Sentences are processed only after they are fully read

• Sentences are processed based on semantics alone

What is the most common characteristic of garden-path sentences?

• They are semantically implausible

• They contain global ambiguity

• They lead the reader to an initial incorrect interpretation

• They require external context for interpretation

What does N400 in ERP studies indicate?

• Syntactic violations

• Semantic anomalies or difficulty in semantic integration

• Difficulty in lexical retrieval

• Prediction errors in syntactic structure

Which of the following is NOT a method used to measure processing difficulty?

• Eye-tracked reading times

• Self-paced reading

• Electrocardiography (ECG)

• Event-related potentials (ERPs)

What does the principle of uniform information density suggest?

• All words in a sentence should have equal semantic weight

• Predictability of linguistic units should be evenly distributed

• Processing difficulty is unrelated to predictability

• Syntax and semantics are entirely independent

What is the main focus of surprisal theory?

• The influence of visual context on processing

• The difficulty associated with integrating unexpected words

• The semantic interpretation of ambiguous sentences

• The frequency of subcategorization frames

In psycholinguistics, what does 'incremental processing' refer to?

• Processing sentences one word at a time as they are read

• Waiting until the end of a sentence before processing

• Processing sentences based solely on context

• Skipping unimportant words to process faster

What does the minimal attachment heuristic prefer?

• The interpretation with the least plausible meaning

• The interpretation requiring the fewest syntactic nodes

• The interpretation with the greatest contextual support

• The interpretation that maximizes semantic integration

What kind of ambiguity does the sentence "The horse raced past the barn fell" illustrate?

• Global ambiguity

• Semantic ambiguity

• Local ambiguity

• Syntactic redundancy

Which factor does NOT influence the probability of a sentence parse?

• Plausibility

• Subcategorization frequency

• Modularity of syntax and semantics

• Contextual information