PISA Practice

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?

• To highlight the limitations of renewable energy sources

• To persuade readers that the transition to renewable energy is essential

• To explain the differences between renewable and fossil fuel energy

• To criticize economic policies that favor fossil fuels

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that renewable energy is environmentally beneficial?

• Renewable energy sources create more jobs than fossil fuels.

• Electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions.

• Solar and wind energy are intermittent and require energy storage systems.

• A single wind turbine can offset the emissions of 400 cars annually.

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

What is the author’s response to the criticism that renewable energy is unreliable?

• The author argues that fossil fuels will always be more reliable than renewable sources.

• The author suggests that diversifying energy sources and improving battery technology can mitigate the issue.

• The author claims that intermittency is not a significant problem for renewable energy.

• The author states that governments should prioritize hydropower over solar and wind energy.

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

Based on the article, what is one potential downside of transitioning to renewable energy?

• Renewable energy increases carbon dioxide emissions.

• It is impossible to store energy generated by solar and wind power.

• The transition may result in temporary job losses in traditional energy sectors.

• Renewable energy technologies are less efficient than fossil fuels.

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

What does the author imply about renewable energy jobs?

• They represent a growing industry that can contribute to sustainable economic growth.

• They are growing at a slower rate than fossil fuel jobs.

• They are less reliable than jobs in the traditional energy sector.

• They are primarily available in countries with access to hydropower.

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

Which of the following best describes the structure of the article?

• The article presents a problem and then lists several unrelated solutions.

• The article offers arguments in favor of renewable energy while addressing potential counterarguments.

• The article focuses exclusively on the environmental benefits of renewable energy.

• The article compares renewable energy sources to other forms of clean energy.

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

Why does the author mention advancements in battery technology?

• To illustrate how renewable energy can address reliability issues

• To highlight the cost challenges associated with renewable energy

• To argue that hydropower is superior to solar and wind energy

• To suggest that battery technology is more important than renewable energy

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

What does the phrase "intermittent nature" in paragraph three most likely mean?

• Renewable energy sources are more efficient than fossil fuels.

• Renewable energy sources require no additional infrastructure.

• Renewable energy sources can produce electricity continuously.

• Renewable energy sources are inconsistent in their energy generation.

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

Which of the following is a valid criticism of the article?

• The author fails to address the environmental benefits of renewable energy.

• The article does not provide specific examples of job losses in fossil fuel industries.

• The author does not acknowledge the advancements in renewable energy technology.

• The article focuses too heavily on economic arguments rather than environmental ones.

The Case for Renewable Energy

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, the transition to renewable energy has become a pressing priority. Advocates argue that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future. Opponents, however, contend that transitioning away from fossil fuels is costly and disruptive, particularly for economies reliant on oil and gas.

Renewable energy provides significant environmental benefits. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity generation accounts for roughly 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By replacing coal and natural gas plants with wind turbines or solar farms, we can dramatically reduce emissions. For instance, a single wind turbine can produce enough energy to offset 2,000 tons of CO₂ annually—equivalent to the emissions of 400 cars.

Critics of renewable energy often highlight its intermittent nature, claiming that solar and wind energy cannot reliably meet demand without extensive energy storage systems. While this is a valid concern, advancements in battery technology and grid infrastructure have made energy storage more feasible than ever. Moreover, diversifying energy sources can mitigate the issue of intermittency; countries with access to hydropower, for example, can supplement solar and wind energy during periods of low generation.

The economic argument is another key factor in the debate. Installing renewable energy infrastructure requires substantial upfront investment, and some worry about job losses in traditional energy sectors. Yet, studies indicate that the renewable energy industry is a growing source of employment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy jobs grew by 12% globally in the past year, outpacing job creation in fossil fuel industries. Transitioning to clean energy may temporarily disrupt certain industries, but it will ultimately lead to more sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, while the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy cannot be ignored, the long-term benefits for the environment, economy, and global health outweigh the costs. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure now, we can create a future that is not only sustainable but also equitable for generations to come.

What is the tone of the article?

• Neutral and objective

• Critical and skeptical

• Persuasive and optimistic

• Cautious and uncertain