Understanding Statistics Concepts

1. What is the primary purpose of descriptive statistics?

• A. To summarize and describe features of a dataset

• To create visual representations of data

• To predict future data trends

• To analyze the variance in a dataset

2. Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

• D. Range

• Interquartile Range

• Standard Deviation

• Variance

3. What is the role of inferential statistics?

• D. To assess the reliability of a measurement tool

• B. To make predictions or generalizations about a population based on a sample

• A. To summarize data using graphs and charts

• C. To determine the mode of a dataset

4. Which statistical concept involves testing null and alternative hypotheses?

• D. Sampling methods

• C. Data visualization

• A. Inferential statistics

• B. Hypothesis testing

5. What is the risk of a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

• C. False positive (rejecting a true null hypothesis)

• G. True positive (failing to reject a false null hypothesis)

• F. False negative (correctly rejecting a true null hypothesis)

• E. True negative (correctly failing to reject a false null hypothesis)

6. Which of the following is a measure of variability?

• Interquartile range

• Range

• D. Standard deviation

• Variance

7. What does a p-value represent in hypothesis testing? A. The probability of observing the data given that the null hypothesis is true B. The probability of the null hypothesis being true C. The probability of making a Type II error D. The probability of making a Type I error

• A. The probability of observing the data given that the null hypothesis is true

• The probability of the sample mean being equal to the population mean

• The probability of observing the data given that the alternative hypothesis is true

• The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

8. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean? A. 50% B. 68% C. 95% D. 99%

• 75%

• 80%

• 60%

• B. 68%

9. What is the purpose of a confidence interval? A. To provide a range of values for a population parameter B. To summarize data in a visual format C. To test the significance of results D. To calculate the mean of a dataset

• A. To provide a range of values for a population parameter

• G. To predict future data points

• E. To determine the mode of a dataset

• F. To assess the correlation between variables

10. Which of the following best describes a sample? A. The entire group being studied B. A subset of the population C. A method of data collection D. A type of statistical analysis

• B. A subset of the population

• A random selection of data points

• The average of a population

• A method of hypothesis testing