Statistics Final Exam Review

The statement, “We think a relationship exists between physical activity and singing performance” is an example of:

• A directional null hypothesis

• A non-directional alternative hypothesis

• A directional alternative hypothesis

• A non-directional null hypothesis

Given t(31) = 3, p < .05, d = .44, which of the following statements is true?

• There is a small effect size.

• 44% of the variation can be explained by the independent variable.

• The cut-off t-value is 3.

• There is no significant difference.

A p-value tells us the probability of observing the gathered results if the alternative hypothesis is true.

• True

• False

T-tests are an example of an association test.

• True

• False

University students completed two VO2 tests: in the morning and evening. What is the best test to compare results?

• Independent samples t-test

• Paired samples t-test

• One-way ANOVA

• Repeated measures ANOVA

I would use an independent samples t-test when I have:

• 1 group & 2 time-points

• 2 groups & 1 time-point

• 1 group & 1 time-point

• 2 groups & 2 time-points

You found no significant difference between your groups. However, there is a difference in the population. This is:

• Type 1 error

• Type 2 error

• Type 3 error

• Type 4 error

Given F(5, 55) = 8.91, p < .05, η² = .22, which of the following statements is true?

• There is a weak effect.

• There is a moderate effect.

• There is a strong effect.

• There is no effect.

Finding a difference between groups when a difference does not exist in the population is known as a false negative.

• True

• False

The numerator degree of freedom for an ANOVA comparing 5 groups is:

• 1

• 2

• 4

• 5